Providing workers with an equitable, humane, secure, and dignified environment has always been the objective and responsibility of the Government. The Instutute of L abor, Occupational Safety and Health (ILOSH) has conducted surveys every three years since 1994 to characterize demand and perception of employees, employers and self-employed people for safety and health in the workplace. This study (2016) integrates the questionnaire of 2013 to consider continuity, international data comparison, and adaption of changes in demand. The questionnaire survey was conducted along with the Human Resources Survey of the Department of Statistics, Executive Yuan, in August 2016, to survey workers in each county and city, nationwide. A questionnaire was administered to 28,638 workers reporting on their workplace, working conditions, life conditions, health and stress, and self-assessed work ability. The effective questionnaire recovery rate was 78.21% (22,397 of the 28,638workers).
　　The results show that 45.30% of employees have received safety and health education and training (SHET). 26.21% of the employers and self-employed people have received SHET. The main training organizations were labor unions (12.02%), Government (6.88%), civil society organizations (6.29%).
　　As for hazards in the work environment, employees perceived the major possible risk of injuries in the work place as slip and fall (32.59%) and cuts and abrasions (26.88%). The possible risk of hazards from employers and self-employed people at the workplace were recorded as slip and fall (34.12%) and cuts and abrasions (31.53%). As for prevention, the employees thought that personal protective equipment was necessary, of which 21.38% needed respirators, 14.31% needed protective gloves, and 12.61%..As for prevention of hazards, the employers and self-employed people thought that personal protective equipment was necessary, of which 13.60% needed respirators, 8.71% needed protective gloves, and 7.75% needed safety shoes. Over half of the employees (54.40%) reported that they were satisfied or very satisfied with the safety and health conditions at work.The main problem was polluted air (28.73%), extreme heat or coldness (22.93%), Unnatural working posture (10.54%). 54.95% of the employers and self-employed people reported that they were satisfied or very satisfied with the safety and health conditions at work.The main problem was polluted air (32.64%), extreme heat or coldness (30.65%), and Unnatural working posture (8.30%).
iv
　　As for work conditions and feelings , 81.04% of the employees agreed that they work repetitive. 69.13% agreed that they have appropriate support and help,67.56% agreed that they must learn new technologies or practices. 79.99% of the employer and self-employed people agreed that they work repetitive. 79.88% agreed that their opinions were influential, 64.00% agreed that their position is very secure. As for workplace violence, 8.57% of the employees report having been experience of verbal violence, followed by 4.20% psychological violence, 1.05% sexual harassment. 0.92% physical violence. 4.75% of the employer and self-employed people report having been experience of verbal violence, followed by 1.90% psychological violence, 0.90% physical violence ,0.50% sexual harassment.
　　As for general health perception, 58.71% of the employees reported that they felt well or very well about the issue.12.05% of the employees asked for sick leave in the last year. 12.05% have been hurt in the workplace (just 0.42% took medical care covered by labor insurance). 65.16% of the employees reported body discomforts in the past year, 46.84% of the employees reported body aches and pains, 33.68% of the employees reported sleep problems, 33.46% of the employees reported eye problems. Body discomforts of the employees in the past year were shoulder (41.31%), neck (32.25%), and lower back pain(31.03%). 39.96% of the employees agreed that they working-family conflict, with a high proportion of 36.10%, of which women (41.35%) are more severe than men (38.65%). 13.00% of employed employees have emotional distress. 58.71% of the employers and self-employed people felt well or very well. 14.24% of the employers have been injured in the workplace (only 0.21% took medical care with the occupational injury insurance).67.84% of the employers and self-employed people reported body discomforts in the past year; 52.18% of the employer and self-employed people s reported body aches and pains; 32.53% of the employers and self-employed people reported sleep problems; 32.22% of the employers reported eye problems. Body discomforts of employers and self-employed people in the past year were shoulder (43.77%), lower back pain (36.31%), and neck pain(33.48%). 45.76% of the employer and self-employed people agreed that they working-family conflict, with a high proportion of 34.30%. and 11.23% of employers and self-employed workers have emotional distress.
　　We trust that this study reflects the occupational safety and health situation in Taiwan, and suggest that employers can apply the results to improve working conditions in the future.
Key Words: Employees, Employers and Self-Employed people, Safety and Health