Occupational Safety Act to expand the scope of self-employed persons will also incorporate, because farmers are mostly self-employed persons, self-employed persons to take study was to investigate the Occupational Safety and Health Act for safety and health-related duties and responsibilities. More for self-employed farmers who have made common tea tea industry, tea, occasional use of farming equipment or hiring spraying pesticides and weed, etc., especially for agricultural workers in the relevant health and safety-related deficiencies concept, resulting in tea, tea and the use of agricultural machinery occurs during the cut, cut, roll, folders and human factors engineering and other professional disasters. In this study, a questionnaire survey of the way in the field of four townships in Nantou City (Nantou, inter name township, town and Lugu Township Takeyama) to explore for their own safety and health-related business farmers Cognitive circumstances in job safety and health questionnaire common cognitive problems divided into safety norms (legal regulations), workplace safety, education, safety and health and cognitive variables to analyze in five orders, and to explore the use of T- test and work experience in terms of gender, identity, education level living area using analysis of variance. Overall the questionnaire is designed questionnaire of this study, the use of SPSS statistical software program is 0.807, as very credible range.